Target date funds
Target date funds offer an easy way to diversify investments. Simply select a mutual fund based on the year you plan to retire, and the fund automatically adjusts over time to stay in line with your investment goals.
You don’t need to rebalance or select underlying funds—the single target date fund does that for you. The mix of assets within your account gradually shifts from an aggressive to a more conservative risk profile as the target date approaches.
Target date funds may seem a good solution, but investors should be aware, the funds aren’t always as hands-off as they may appear when strategizing them into a portfolio. It’s important to determine if a fund is too aggressive or conservative for your individual risk tolerance.
Target risk funds
Target risk funds build a mix of stocks and bonds that align to a particular risk level:
- An aggressive target risk fund may put 75% to 100% of its assets into stocks (with the remaining assets in bonds).
- A conservative target risk fund may have the opposite asset mix (nearly all bonds with limited stock holdings).
Generally, younger investors will put their money into more aggressive target risk funds and focus on growing their assets. Older investors tend to use more conservative target risk funds to help protect their assets as retirement grows closer.
No matter what your planned retirement age is, you can get the right investment mix with a target risk fund based on your risk profile. You can also update it as your investing needs evolve. Keep in mind, you will be responsible for adjusting your investments as your risk tolerance changes.
Understanding mutual fund performance
Looking at how a fund has performed is one of many important considerations when selecting investments. The mutual fund industry adheres to strict standards when publishing or providing mutual fund portfolio performance data. The intent is to provide fair and balanced information when potential investors compare various options. If you know what to look for, you can quickly size up different funds and find one that’s right for you. Keep in mind that past performance is not indicative of future results, but seeing how a fund has performed over time may help provide some insight into how it historically has been managed.
Mutual fund performance indicators
Here are some of the typical values used to determine fund performance:
Net asset value (NAV)
The NAV is the fund’s value or price per share. The NAV is calculated by dividing the total value of all the fund’s assets (minus its liabilities) by the number of shares issued. NAVs are only calculated once per day, after the market has closed.
Daily NAV change
Since mutual funds are only priced once a day, the daily NAV change is the difference between the fund’s most recent price per share and its price from the prior day. The daily NAV change can be shown as a dollars-and-cents change or a percentage change.
Returns
Mutual fund performance is usually presented as a total return. Total returns include both the fund’s change in value and the reinvestment of any dividends, capital gains or interest payments.
Average annualized or trailing returns
Average annualized returns, also known as trailing returns, illustrate fund performance over a specific time period, usually looking backward from a recent month or quarter-end. The most common time periods include three months, year-to-date, 1 year, 3 year, 5 year, 10 year and since inception.
Calendar year returns
Mutual funds will also often show calendar year returns which illustrate how a fund performed from January 1 to December 31 of that particular year. This allows you to see how the fund performed during specific historical time periods.
Growth of a $10,000 investment
Below is an example of a chart many mutual funds present to demonstrate how a $10,000 investment in that fund would’ve changed over time. These charts typically go back either 10 years or back to the initial launch of the fund.